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Computational Fluid Dynamics
Corvid personnel use and develop tools to improve the entire CFD analysis process, from problem setup to interpretation of results.
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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical methods and algorithms to solve and analyze problems that involve fluid flows. Computers are used to perform the calculations required to simulate the interaction of liquids and gases with surfaces defined by boundary conditions. With high-speed supercomputers, better solutions can be achieved. Ongoing research, however, yield software that improves the accuracy and speed of complex simulation scenarios such as transonic or turbulent flows.
What is CFD?
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) refers to the numerical solution of the partial differential equations governing fluid flow (in this case, the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations). With modern computing resources, CFD is frequently used today to obtain accurate predictions of flows over, or through, complex configurations. Generation of a suitable grid from the geometry can take weeks in some instances. From the generated grid, it is possible to solve for pressure and flow. The solutions are then used to interpret the results and make recommendations.
Corvid's Advantage
Corvid personnel use and develop tools to improve the entire CFD analysis process, from problem setup to interpretation of results. These tools include:
- The ANSYS ICEM CFD package for unstructured grid generation
- Established processes to generate high-quality grids rapidly (0.5 days to 1 week) on complex configurations
- In-house-developed tools to improve overall grid quality and increase local grid refinement
- The RavenCFD flow solver, developed at Corvid
- In-house-developed post-processing tools to simplify the analysis of large 3D datasets
- FIELDVIEW for dataset visualization
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Structural Mechanics
Structural MechanicsAt Corvid Technologies we use advanced numerical
tools to solve large scale structural dynamics problems. Our
indigenous parallel computing capability gives us the ability to run
extensive calculation suites of very large problems (over 10 million
degrees of freedom). Our in-house code, Velodyne, allows us to apply
the appropriate Finite Element Modeling (FEM) scheme best suited for
the problem (Lagrangian element, SPH, Coupled Lagrangian-Eulerian).
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Every DoD weapon system containing energetic materials must comply
with insensitive munitions (IM) requirements. The economic and
technological challenges associated with IM characterization of rocket
and missile systems are a serious concern to defense acquisition
personnel. The IM M&S tools developed at Corvid Technologies address
both thermal and penetration threats required by the DoD. For this
area of study, it is critical to capture physics through a wide
variety of timescales as shown in the IM event timeline. These tools
are being used to investigate material trades, geometry designs, and
new mitigation technologies with little or no testing. Thus, our
tools offer a solution to the current problem of expensive testing.
By including M&S early in the IM compliance program we are reducing
the amount of testing and therefore a reduction in cost and schedule.
It will also increase the value added from testing by allowing for a
method to determine the margins in a go/no-go type test response.
Additional results pulled from the model, and the ability to conduct
multiple simulations at states around the actual test conditions,
provide a higher level of fidelity to the acquired test data without
requiring multiple tests.
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Corvid's Specialty:
At Corvid Technologies we use advanced numerical tools to solve large scale structural dynamics problems. Our indigenous parallel computing capability gives us the ability to run extensive calculation suites of very large problems (over 10 million degrees of freedom). Our in-house code Velodyne allows us to apply the appropriate Finite Element Modeling (FEM) scheme best suited for the problem (Lagrangian element, SPH, Coupled Lagrangian-Eulerian).
We employ sophisticated material models to accurately capture the response of materials such as high tech aluminum alloys, armor ceramics, or fiber reinforced composites.
Because our researchers are experienced in and routinely conduct target/weapon interaction tests in parallel with numerical analysis, we have true insight into structural dynamics phenomena, and have the ability to intelligently interpret the results of numerical analysis. Corvid's two-pronged approach of numerical analysis and select experimental testing allows us to develop solutions very quickly and at significantly reduced cost.
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Examples
Armor Development
Corvid is currently developing armor solutions that
are designed to defeat a number of different threats. Our approach of
engineering multi-material layers that synergistically work together
to defeat threats result in successful, efficient solutions. Corvid
leverages its expertise and computational resources to numerically
predict response of a (delete the a) complex armor systems composed of
a number of sophisticated material systems, to a realistically modeled
threat. These numerical simulations allow us to then downselect the
best performing systems for prototyping and testing.
One example is developing a solution to stop an armor piercing (AP) round. This round contains a hardened steel core. This core has a brittle failure behavior: to predict it realistically requires huge computational resources to manage the complex physics model and an extremely fine mesh resolution. Corvid's parallel computational resources allowed us to perform this routinely. Accurate modeling of this core is essential to developing lightweight armor systems that can defeat it.
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Simulation of Corvid-developed solution defeating AP round
by breaking up the core
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Collected core fragments from a defeated AP round triple-shot against Corvid-built prototypes |
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Insensitive Munitions (IM) Modeling and Simulation
Capability to address the thermal processes associated with fast and slow cook-off and their effects on the final reaction in a munition is a key area as well as bullet and fragment impact. At Corvid we routinely investigate these types of problems at a system level since it is scalable across hundreds of processors. For this area of study, it is also critical to capture physics through a wide variety of timescales as shown in the IM event timeline. The interaction of threats with the system and then the ensuing reaction and the remaining confinement of the energetic is required to develop a fundamental understanding of the processes involved.
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Shock Physics
Our researchers apply hydrocodes as tools to develop and assess the lethality of a variety of weapons systems and their components. We have expertise in experimental design and interpretation, material, equation of state and constitutive model development. Our experienced and internationally recognized subject matter experts in hydrocode analysis are capable of leading weapon programs from inception to procurement.
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Shock Physics is the study of material behavior in continuum mechanics regimes where strong shocks, large material deformations, and high strain rates occur. Such phenomena exist in the study of hypervelocity impacts, fracture and fragmentation, vaporization, and high explosive detonation.
Corvid's Advantage
At Corvid, our researchers combine:
- Expertise in theoretical shock physics analyses
- The ability to conduct and correlate appropriate experiments
- In-house super-computing systems to conduct large-scale (30 to 50 million element) full-3D hydrocode calculations.
Our researchers apply hydrocodes as tools to develop and assess the lethality of a variety of weapons systems and their components. We have expertise in experimental design and interpretation, material, equation of state and constitutive model development. Our experienced and internationally recognized subject matter experts in hydrocode analysis are capable of leading weapon programs from inception to procurement.
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Styling and Surfacing
Corvid's in-house design department produces original Class A
(Curvature Continuous) CAD surfaces from concept sketches
or scan data, as well as modifications to existing CAD
from a variety of software packages. Results vary from
watertight CFD-ready models, packaging studies, and
CNC tooling files, to print-ready artwork
for promotional applications.
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Corvid's in-house design department produces original Class A (Curvature Continuous) CAD surfaces from concept sketches or scan data, as well as modifications to existing CAD from a variety of software packages. Results vary from watertight CFD-ready models, packaging studies, and CNC tooling files, to print-ready artwork for promotional applications.
Corvid provides Class A surfaces generated for styling evaluation, packaging, CFD analysis, and structural analysis; prototype and production tooling; and renderings for high-impact visuals. We also provide styling consultancy when integrating new surfaces onto existing models.
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Bringing Design and Engineering together
When the US Government is going to add a new missile to their fleet,
strict regulations need to be met. Everything from how it will perform
in battle or defense, to how it is transported. Imagine a missile
comes under attack while being moved from the factory to a military
base, causing civilian lives to be in danger. Our job at Corvid
Technologies was to design and build a test that would simulate such
an attack. We designed an oven that would heat the missile to great
temperatures for an extended period of time, while keeping temperature
variance to a minimum. RAVEN was used to simulate the air flow of the
oven around the missile, and the test results led us to be confident
of the oven's performance capabilities before it was ever made. RAVEN
was used throughout the process to maximize success and minimize cost.
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Corvid's prototyping department is where virtual designs are proven. Originally founded to support Corvid's engineering departments for testing programs, it has grown to leverage the analysts' expertise to great effect in designing and manufacturing its own projects. The close relationship with Corvid's engineers is mutually beneficial for both departments, resulting in designs that are optimized for their desired results and both efficient and realistic in their production approach. Metal fabrication and all types of composite construction are areas of concentration.
